Essay on Prison Architecture

Shawn Connell Professor Blomquist Writing 101-15 4/16/12 Prison Architecture Wallace Stegner once said, â€Å"Nothing in our history has bound us to a plot of ground [since] feudalism once bound Europeans† (Stegner 301). The only exception is being imprisoned. For those who brake society’s set laws, â€Å"Prisons and their many variants are built environments whose intended purpose is punishment, deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacitation† (Awofeso). Prisons began to be more widely used because the early Catholic Church disapproved of physical punishments.In 1298, Pope Boniface VIII authorized that incarceration and lack of liberty will take the place of the â€Å"eye for an eye† way of settling disputes previously employed (Awofeso). Today, architects are still debating what the best way to design a prison and punish guilty people is. Architects’ and theorists’ many differing morals such as how cruel one can treat an inmate, can influence their opinions of prisoner treatment and rehabilitation driving their designs to be unique, often having varying negative psychological effects on their inmates.Jeremy Benthem, a theorist, had sketched quite a harsh prison concept in 1781 called the Panopticon. He believed prisons should be a form of strict discipline. His structure allowed one guard to watch all the prisoners without them knowing when they were being watched. â€Å"The mental uncertainty implicit in prisoners’ not knowing when they are being watched was promoted as a crucial instrument of discipline† (Awofeso). The prisoners were to have no contact with any other inmates. The prisoner â€Å"is seen, but he does not see; he is the object of information, never a subject in communication† (Foucault 226).Without being able to talk to one another, the inmates could not discuss their crimes and get encouragement to repeat them. There also exists no chance of a planned rebellion or escape, making it only necessary to have one guard. Benthem believes to truly punish the perpetrators; their authority and dignity must be undermined. They must be stripped of any power or worth they have. They are to constantly live without knowing when they are being watched, which would translate after they are released. The prisoners would be so used to acting as though they were being examined and possibly become better people outside the prison.Benthem’s Panopticon was never directly erected so the effects on prisoners are unknown. However, through Craig Haney’s studies of other prisons, one can be sure Panopticism would have had adverse effects on those incarcerated there. Being watched constantly, Haney believes prisoners may, â€Å"labor at both an emotional and behavioral level to develop a â€Å"prison mask† that is unrevealing and impenetrable; many for whom the mask becomes especially thick and†¦[they find themselves] disincentive against engaging in open commu nication with others [and leads] them to withdrawal from authentic social interactions altogether† (Haney).Panopticicsm would dull inmates to a point of no emotions. They would become accustomed to the paranoia of being seen so they hide their feelings and actions. And since they would have no contact with any other person, they could lose all communication skills. In today’s society, the Panopticon’s form of punishment may be dubbed by the Contituation as cruel and unusual punishment. In contrast, John Haviland designed The Eastern State Penitentiary in 1821.The design was based off of the values of the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons of â€Å"correctional reform and social justice† (Eastern State Penitentiary) with a purpose to bring inmates to god and a righteous way of life. â€Å"Many leaders believe that crime is the result of environment, and that solitude will make the criminal regretful and penitent† (Eas tern State Penitentiary). The designer utilized unique architectural details to enhance the religious atmosphere to encourage this regret.He incorporated components of famous religious architecture such as the immense churches built in the era of grand Gothic and Romanesque cathedrals to enforce the idea that god is almighty and constantly watching. Their hope was to have the prisoners repent their crimes and embrace a new life of innocence. Haviland factored in a religious element into almost every detail of the structure. The facade is fitted with lancet windows and stained glass. The entrances to the cells are small and short, forcing the new inmate to bow his or her head to enter.Inside the cells themselves, the sole form of light is a skylight representing the light of God or the all seeing eye of God. This system attempts to spiritually cleanse the new comer or in other words, the approach to the prison is a realization of one’s sins, the entrance into the cell is an ac t of submission, and the time spent in the cell is the beginning of a new life of holiness. The prisoners of Eastern State Penitentiary were not permitted to have contact with anyone, not even the guards.The inmates were meant to not even know where they were and were often masked when entering the building and their dwelling. Wendell Berry once stated â€Å"If you don’t know where you are, you don’t know who you are† (Stegner 299). This was meant to allow the prisoners to have a fresh start and a new beginning; to become a new and improved human being. Haviland wished to truly improve the lives of the individual prisoners and society at large in a way he thought was philanthropic. Although Haviland’s intentions seemed benign, studies show that isolation can be one of the cruelest forms of punishment.In fact, â€Å"there are few if any forms of imprisonment that produce so many indices of psychological trauma and symptoms of psychopathology in those pers ons subjected to [isolation]† (Haney). With a lack of communication with others, â€Å"many may develop emotional flatness that becomes chronic and debilitating in social interaction and relationships, and find that they have created a permanent and unbridgeable distance between themselves and other people† (Haney). There is quite a list of possible negative psychological effects including clinical depression, paranoia, rage, helplessness, violence, and cognitive dysfunction to name a few (Haney).If Haviland knew of these side effects, maybe he would have designed the Eastern State Penitentiary differently. Today, the average United States prison is quite different than the ideas of Haviland and Benthem. The prisons are known to have many negative trends. They usually tend to be very over crowded with two or more prisoners sharing a cell with men or women they have never met before living in close quarters with often one toilet in a cell with no privacy. Most are subjec ted to extreme violence and intimidation from both other inmates and often overworked staff.Many prisoners live in constant fear that they will be harmed physically or mentally by their peers. This type of prison system is not very effective. â€Å"Few people are completely unchanged or unscathed by the experience †¦[and] suffer long-term consequences from having been subjected to pain, deprivation, and extremely atypical patterns and norms of living and interacting with others† (Haney). Many cannot re-adjust to normal life outside prison where every activity and meal is organized for them. Some ontinue to be violent or paranoid that violence will be done unto them. Therefore, some designers have unique ideas to counter these negative effects like Josef Hohensinn. Josef Hohensinn believes the prison system should be changed. He believes â€Å"The more normal a life you give them [in prison], the less necessary it is to resocialize them when they leave† (Lewis). So , he created a resort-like prison in Leoben, Austria. His structure features floor to ceiling windows, full kitchens, and balconies.It is still secure; it is in a completely isolated area, the glass is all shatterproof, and the balconies all have bars. In Hohensinn’s opinion, prisons are merely a place to hold captives for a period of time. The inner workings of more common prisons are not natural and cause criminals to become possibly more dangerous by stripping them of their dignity, often abusing them, and making them slowly forget how to live a normal life. â€Å"About 67 percent of the prisoners who are released are arrested again within three years† (Lewis) in a normal prison.Hohensinn believes it’s just â€Å"an expensive way of making bad people worse† (Lewis). Above the door of his building, there is a quote that reads â€Å"All persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the huma n person† (Lewis). His type of prison is very controversial. It was erected only eight years ago so the effect on inmates and the return rate are still unknown, however in comparison to the Panopticon and Eastern State, Leoben should have no negative effects on prisoner’s mental health.Craig Haney says â€Å"There is little or no evidence that prison systems across the country have responded in a meaningful way to these psychological issues, either in the course of confinement or at the time of release,† so Hohensinn is one of the first (Haney). The inmates at Leoben are permitted to have normal contact with others eliminating any social problems that may occur from solitary confinement. They are also allowed to cook and eat when and what they choose. Prisoners typically are denied their basic privacy rights, and lose control over mundane aspects of their existence that most citizens have long taken for granted† which can be the most damaging (Haney). The s cheduled life style employed by common American prisons causes inmates to be unaware how to run their lives when they return home. But with Hohensinn’s design, they maintain a normal life, just in another place away from society for a while. While many may not find his prison a true form of punishment, it stands to be the best way to date of how to treat inmates so they have less of a need to readjust to normal life in society.Architecture can reveal so much about how a society or person wishes to discipline and rehabilitate law breakers (Awofeso). There are few laws and regulations dealing with architecture of prisons in particular, therefore the architect has significant freedom to design a facility he or she sees as fit and productive. All plan to benefit society even if it is through very different ways. While some wish to punish cruelly like Jeremy Benthem, others wish to reform and improve the lives of these criminals. Both ways can be effective.If prisoners are punishe d cruelly, they may be too intimidated to commit another crime for fear of being imprisoned again. But if they are reformed, they may have the understanding of why the crime should not be committed in the first place. The theories are still unproven so there exists no â€Å"right† way to construct a facility. It remains up to the governing officials to approve and fund the architect’s designs and set them into action. Possibly in the future there will be a set way the world treats those who disobey the law, but today’s designs and the designs of the past remain up to the unique individuals who create them.

Integrative Essay on diversity in Education Essay

America is increasingly becoming a very diverse nation culturally and ethnically. In all the States, there is an increasing influx of non- native Americans and estimates from the U. S Census Bureau have projected that by year 2100, the non- native Americans who at the moment are the minority, will become the majority and the non- Hispanic whites will constitute a mere 40% of the entire population of the U. S (Osborn, 2005). As a result, education debates in recent times are increasingly centering on the issue of diversity, especially in public schools. Interestingly, many Americans treat school policies as well as programs that intend to embrace cultural diversity with much suspicion and misunderstanding; not really understanding the great importance of diversity as an educational element in our classrooms (Osborn 2005). The aim of this essay is therefore to address the issue of cultural diversity in public schools with emphasis on the kind of cultural identity that public schools should promote. Cultural Diversity and School failure American public schools are admitting an increasing number of students from diverse cultures and languages. However, there are certain mentalities that are associated with these minority groups which not only act as an impediment to their academic progress, but may also fuel cultural intolerance, a vice which has no place in American democracy. Reports from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NEAP) state that, students who come from poor backgrounds especially the colored students, generally perform poorly than those from a higher socio- economic status (Bowman, 1994). How can this difference be accounted for? Is it a colored gene factor that promotes such poor academic performance? Definitely not; yet this is not clearly understood and the general assumption is that colored students simply cannot perform well in academics. The reason of course lies in the differences between cultural experiences of different groups which encourage different attitudes and life skills. Thus without schools acknowledging these differences, they actually limit their ability in educating these children (Bowman, 1994). During a child’s development, there are differences in cultural expressions which are normal and should be considered as a basis for building skills and knowledge. However, most American schools ignore these differences and all children are judged on the behavioral characteristics of children belonging to the white middle class which is considered the only valid expression of competence. Hence children from minority groups are judged as inadequate. This is largely due to their inability to conform to these foreign standards (Bowman, 1994). The educational programs of American public schools are poorly designed and do not cater to cultural differences. Teachers are also bound by their own personal experiences and are therefore unable to appreciate the cultural differences and may judge children who behave differently in a harsh manner. Devaluing minority culture is a cause for inter- racial conflict among students and also presents students from minority families with a tough choice between identifying with their families’ belief systems and participating in school culture. Most students opt for the latter (Bowman, 1994). Promoting Cultural Diversity-Existentialists View Existentialism is a philosophy which lays emphasis on the unique individual experiences, in the face of a universe which is hostile. These experiences are considered in isolation as opposed to a group. The existentialism philosophy upholds the need for individual freedom of choice as and responsibility for one’s actions (Jaspers, 1952). Existentialism was the basis of several liberation movements in history. Such include the black civil rights movement and women’s rights movements (Lim, 1999). Even today, its demand for individual freedom and tolerance can be applied to the application of cultural diversity in public schools. As the philosophy of existentialism states, the individual who is self reliant should be able to have an authentic existence which is in opposition with the given mores such as the mass culture of the contemporary world (Rupp, 2001). Promoting ethnic and cultural identity within a multicultural setting is thus one way of achieving this. It is important for all students to be able to learn about the different cultures even as they uphold their own to establish tolerance as well as understanding between races. Conclusion There is need to change the school curricula so that it can accommodate the diverse cultural needs. This will make it both relevant to the needs of students from diverse backgrounds and sensitive to the issues of social justice. A bicultural curriculum presents the diverse cultures as equally important and powerful. Such programs which have been implemented in some schools have shown that where children are not made to renounce their culture, their academic performance improves dramatically (Bowman, 1994). Existentialism calls for authenticity of the self in the face of indifference (Rupp, 2001). The schools thus have a responsibility towards achieving this. One way is to bring in teachers of diverse backgrounds in their schools; teachers who will be better placed to understand the needs of the students based on their different cultural experiences. To sum it up, the type of cultural identity that should be promoted in schools is one that upholds the different cultures as equally worthy. It should also be based on understanding and mutual respect of others. REFERENCES Osborn, T. A. (2005). Language and cultural Diversity in U. S Schools. Connecticut: Praeger Publishers Bowman, B (1994) Cultural diversity and Academic achievement NCREL’S Urban Education Program, Urban Education Monograph series. Retrieved January 21, 2009. Rupp, G. (2001). Religion, Modern secular culture and Ecology Daedalus, 130, 23 Lim, W. S (1999). Development and culture in Singapore and beyond Sojourn: Journal of social issues in South East Asia 14, 249. Jaspers, K (1952). Existentialism and Humanism: Three Essays. New York: Russell F. Moore

Lake Dillon Snake River Swan River Environmental Sciences Essay

The fishing acme county has its ain regulations and ordinances like many lakes amd streams many lakes and watercourses are merely to be fished with enticements and flies and they have to be released after catching.In many Waterss you have to used barbless hooks merely because maulerss can be harmful for some fish so to protect them there are certain regulations and regulations.You can obtain the fishing ordinances at any shops and purchase accredited fishing licenses.So before traveling out to angling you must be knowing about the regulations and ordinances. Property There are besides certain regulations on the Colorado H2O rights. Many of the fishing Waterss are ; located in private areas.Firstly you have to obtain information and take permission and so travel for fishing. C. ALTITUDE: All of Summit Co, and much of the bordering county lands are at ALTITUDE. Base lifts for fishing in Summit Co are between 8,000-10,000 foots above sea degree and some high alpine lakes are above lumber line at 11,500+ pess. When fishing, even in the summer months, you must be prepared for high height and take the appropriate safeguards. SOME TIPS: You have to larn some trips before traveling out to angling. Some basic trips are 1. Sun block: You can utilize Sun blocks to protect your tegument apply lotions on your tegument every 2 hours.you can besides use Sun blocks even on cloudy 2. Hats/Sunglasses: You can have on chapeaus and dark glassess to protect yourself from the sun.you can have on them on cloudy ambiances only.They besides protect your eyes from Sun and besides from uv which is reflected from H2O. 3. Back Battalions: This is the most indispensable step.You must take back battalion which includes the first assistance kits the warm jacket map compass to see way a whistle rain suit a brace of baseball mitts a cellular phone some Waterss and power drinks.Keep wont of imbibing tonss of H2O as the possibility of desiccation additions at these altitudes.on warm and cheery days. , The conditions alterations rapidly in these altitudes.There is besides a possibility of storms to come so you have to be ready for every situation.. An of import regulation to follow when boosting at altitude include: 1. Buddy up. 2. Leave word at your hotel, or a map with waies in your auto, as to where you are traveling and when you expect to be back, and check-out one time you return. USE OUR LOCAL GUIDES, THEY ARE BACK COUNTRY PROS, and its a modest disbursal for merriment and safety. D. WILDLIFE: Please keep the regulations as you have to cognize that you are angling in some others country so ever be good.You may see some wild animate beings in that countries so avoid them and make n't travel near to them and do n't seek to make snaping in these countries. BE SAFE AND RESPECT ALL WILDLIFE! E. HIGH ALTITUDE SICKNESS: The job of high height illness may originate on high height countries like sickness, breath job hapless slumber thirst etc these symptoms occurs due to the activity you making and because of height proble.so maintain a wont of imbibing tonss of H2O usage Sun protection F. THE WEATHER: The conditions in Summit County. , is cool and clear in forenoons, cloudy at mid-day and at late afternoon or eventide there is electrical storm. REMEMBER, when you are angling in high alpine countries the mountain ranges may run between 12,000-14,000 pess in height and you merely can non see these storms nearing, hence you need to be prepared. SOME TIPS: Here are some tips for you before be aftering the trip. 1.Always carry the dorsum battalion which contains rain cogwheel and warm jacket. Do n't bury to look into the conditions before go forthing. If possible take shelter with you. Take a proper usher with you. Blue River. The bluish river is one of the most beautiful rivers of Colorado its location starts from bluish mountain lake to the brekenridge blue mountains.the lake lies between 14000 pes in the territory The â€Å" Blue † is one of Colorado ‘s most beautiful Gold Medal fly Waterss. Its beginning is Blue Mountain Lake on Hoosier Pass, South of Breckenridge. Blue Mtn. lake prevarications between 14,000 pes Quandary Peak and North Star Mountain, in the celebrated Monte Cristo mine territory. This excavation country is the rhodocrhosite capitol of the existence and the place of the â€Å" Alma King † on show and the Natural History Museum in Denver. The best fishing you can make in the blue river is from the Dillon dam north lake downstream to the Colorado in the kremling.The best fishing is from the Lake Dillon dam north, downstream to the Colorado River in Kremling. Entree: Exit I-70 at the Dillon/Silverthorne issue. You will see the Dillon Dam to the E. You are now on Colorado Hwy 9 which travels north to the town of Kremling following the way of the Blue for much of the manner. Much of the river entree is on private spread land, nevertheless the 10 stat mis between Silverthorne and GMR in Heeney have ample public entree and parking are provided in the State Wildlife Areas ( SWAs ) located all along this stretch of the river. Read and obey all ordinances posted on these marks. Regulation: You can merely utilize flies and enticements on the full river. Lone gimmick and release in the town of Silverthorne. Most portion of the river is unfastened . Specials: Major species caught in the Blue include: German Brown trout, Brook trout, Rainbow trout, Colorado Cutthroat trout, and Kokanee salmon from GMR which run the Blue in the autumn to engender. Consult the listed fly stores for the day-to-day hatch forms. 2. THE WILLIAMS FORK Location: While we see a batch of most calm rivers near the acme county the William fork is the most calm and beautiful and besides favorable for fly fishing.The river originates from the North to the south.The north terminal of the canon it forms William fork reserviour which is first-class for fly fishing. Entree: To travel to the William fork river go to the main road figure 9 North from to Silverthorne and about 8 stat mis to the base on balls road.the go east.Do non halt in between and you will see the most dramatic positions of the nature. Regulation: In William fork river merely flies and lures merely. After catching the fishes you have to let go of them. Most portion of the river is unfastened for fishing. Specials: This is chiefly a native Brook and Rainbow trout watercourse but may be stocked. Fish are typically 8-12 inches and male child hellos do they contend. This is a nice, little tail H2O which is no more than a few pess deep with a bouldery underside. There are several beaver pools along the flow and they can acquire deep, so hold a attention. 3. LAKE DILLON: Location: Lake Dillon river is an mixture of bluish and snake rivers and the 10 stat mi brook which is met at the Dillon.By nearing Dillon/Silverthorne on the Colorado main road you will see the Dillon dam.By go throughing through the main road you will see the most calm view.The whole lake country is from north to south 7 stat mis long.There is astonishing air current blowing over the river fisherman and crewmans are attracted by these pecularities. Entree: You can make here by first go outing the Dillon and going E on coloroda main road no 6 to Dillon.You can either travel by boat Exit I-70 at Dillon going east on Colo. 6 to the town of Dillon. Access to the lake by boat at either the Dillon town marina or the marina in Frisco. There is public entree to the lake around its full length. There is NO fishing from the dike. There is float tube entree to the Blue river recess at the Breckenridge H2O intervention works on Swan Mtn. route merely off of Colorado 9 as you travel south on CO 9 to the town of Breckenridge. The lake may be fished either from boat or from the shore. Boat leases and public boat launches are available at both marinas. Private boat docking infinite is available on a impermanent footing. Regulation: While the lake is unfastened twelvemonth unit of ammunition to fishing, except the Blue R. above the lake which is closed 1 Oct to 1 Feb, the lake freezes solid in the winter ( Dec-June ) . Consult Colorado current ordinances for size and bounds. Consult current ordinances in respect to tease usage, flies and unreal enticements ; â€Å" some † come-ons are permitted. Specials: Speciess of fish found in the lake include German Brown trout which may go rather big and are caught chiefly on downriggers, rainbow trout, creek trout, cutthroat trout and kokanee salmon in the 2-5 pound scope. There is good trolling with spoons, exhibitionists and downriggers in the early spring, and good trolling with spoons and Phoxinus phoxinus imitations twelvemonth unit of ammunition near the shores and bead offs. In the eventides twelvemonth unit of ammunition there is good fly fishing at the three river recesss into the lake, either from boat or from shore. DICK ‘S Choice: The NF CG at Giberson Bay is outstanding, but call for a reserve as some folks come and camp all summer long. There is a province CG on the east side of the lake at the old Lowry AFB belongings, and first-class local adjustments in Frisco, Dillon and at the Keystone Resort. Side angling trips may be taken to the Snake river between Keystone Resort and Lake Dillon but there are no fish upstream of Keystone as yet, because of mine run off. There is good fishing on the Ten Mile brook from Frisco to Copper Mtn, but there are no fish upstream from Copper Mtn. , due to mine run off. The oral cavity of the Blue is a favourite local float tubing topographic point ( closed 1 Oct to 1 Feb ) . COLORADO RIVER, UPPER Section: MAP 5: Location: The Colorado upper subdivision is between the granby and kremling is most celebrated for fishing.The river is really wide and deeply shallowed The upper subdivision of the Colorado between Granby and Kremling is one of our most celebrated tail Waterss. The river is wide and shallow with a stone underside and dependable hatches. The beginning of the Colorado is in RMNP where the river flows south into Lake Granby and Grand Lake, so west to Kremling through Byer ‘s canon. Towns along its path include Hot Sulfur Springs, Parshall and Kremling. U.S. 40 analogues the river for this subdivision. The river flows chiefly through private spread land. Due to the graciousness of our ranchers, the river may be accessed via SWAs along its class. Entree: From Denver take I-70 west to U.S. 40, Berthod Pass to Granby, so west to Kremling. From Summit Co. take Colorado 9 North to Kremling, so east on U.S. 40 to Granby. The river may be accessed along its path via SWAs. My favourite SWAs are the Kemp and Breeze SWAs, West of Parshall, and the Lone Buck and Paul Gilbert SWAs, West of Byer ‘s canon. Please pay attending to all posted marks sing entree, do non intrude. Regulation: This subdivision of the Colorado is unfastened most of the twelvemonth but consult Colorado Regulations for the clip of twelvemonth you plan to angle. Artificial flies and lures merely. Catch and release merely. Specials: This may be some of the best Gold Medal trout H2O in the province and one of my favourite countries. It tends to hold few fishermen in the early to late eventide, but can acquire crowded on extremum vacations. If crowded, hit one of the side trips. This is a authoritative western fly watercourse with good hatches of midges, tricos and caddis. DICK ‘S Choice: Elk hair caddis Red quill Trico Yellow Sally Midge There are CGs at Lone Buck SWA, in Hot Sulfur Springs, at Grand Lake and in the Winter Park diversion country of Grand Co. Adjustments may be found in Kremling, Granby, Grand Lake and at RMNP. If it gets crowded side trips may be taken to the North Fork of the Colorado in RMNP ( see next ) , Willow Creek, Troublesome Creek or the Williams Fork. 5. NORTH FORK OF THE COLORADO: MAP 6: Location: The NF of the Colorado is the river ‘s chief tributary fluxing south out of RMNP to organize the Colorado River. I guess that everyone has a favourite watercourse or two in their lives and this is one of mine. The river at this point is about 5 stat mis long and located chiefly within RMNP with public entree along its full length. It meanders through one of the most beautiful vales of tall grass and pine wood, bounded on the E by the Continental divide and on the West by the Never Summer Mountain scope. Entree: The river is unfastened to the populace over its full length within RMNP. Take U.S. 40 to Colorado Hwy 34 to RMNP West Entrance going north. Regulation: Although you are angling wholly within RMNP, Colorado province fishing ordinances apply. But, halt in at the West Entrance HQ and look into with the park Texas Rangers refering federal fishing ordinances, size and bound limitations. Park in public entree countries merely. Artificial flies and lures merely. Catch and release merely. Specials: This is a authoritative high mountain brook with rocky/sandy underside, tail Waterss, beaver pools and deep pools and undercut Bankss. Once you fish it you will woolgather about it the remainder of your life. In the autumn you can stand at that place angling and hear the moose bugling in the wood. Speciess of fish include Brook trout and Rainbow trout which battle like the devils and in the fall German Browns run upriver out of Grand Lake to engender. Fish are typically 8-12 inches but the Gr. Browns can run to 4-5 pound. There is bivouacing throughout RMNP but call for reserves. Adjustments may be found in Granby and Grand Lake and in the Winter Park diversion country. Peak vacations may be crowded near the route but if you walk off from the route you may be the lone individual fishing. Remember that this is a natural wildlife country and be cognizant of the presence of moose, cervid and elk. In the autumn this vale is an elk migration path and you may non angle or intrude on the western side of the river. 6. THE EAGLE RIVER: MAP 7: Location: The bird of Jove river is one of the most calm and beautiful river fluxing through the mountain countries. The beginning of the river is on the Tennessee and the Fremont. The river is fluxing from north so turns west to fall in the Colorado river which is in dotsero. Entree: First travel toI-70 West to the vail so travel 5 stat mis to mintrun so south towards Leadville and the Tennessee base on balls to Colorado main road no 24. I prefer the upper subdivision from Minturn through Camp Hale, place of the tenth Mountain Division as it is less crowded. I find exceeding fishing in the Hornsilver CG country before Homestake brook. Regulation: The Eagle is unfastened twelvemonth unit of ammunition in all public countries with day-to-day bounds of 2 trout. Check current ordinances for size and bounds. At Minturn there is entree to the Gold Medal Waterss on Gore brook which flows through downtown Vail. Catch and release merely. Artificial flies and enticement merely Specials: Float trips on the Minturn to Dotsero subdivision of the Eagle are really popular. You can merely entree the upper Eagle above the Gilman mine site up to Camp Hale or below the mine back to Minturn. Excellent nymphing may be found in the Waterss fluxing from from beaver pools. Speciess found include Rainbow trout, Brook trout, German Brown trout and Cutthroats in the higher feeder brooks. There are great CGs at Hornsilver and Camp Hale and wilderness encampment in the Holy Cross. Four star dining and adjustments may be found in Vail/Beaver Creek. Side angling trips may be made to the Lower subdivision of the Colorado River which runs North from Dotsero up to Kremling, the Gold Medal Waterss of Gore Creek, and to the Arkansas River, Twin Lakes and Turquoise Lakes countries near Leadville. 7. THE UPPER ARKANSAS RIVER: MAP 8: Location: The Arkansas river Limits starts from the on Fremont Pass at the Climax mine North of Leadville and it flows to Colorado main road 91.It is a little topographic point with pools and trouts.The fishing is hard here but it contains tonss of fish. Entree: First exit the I-70 at the Cu mountain on the Colorado main road 91 after go outing past the mine at Fremont base on balls so after this you cross the Arkansas and it leads you to Leadville.after this you are in the san Isabel and can entree the watercourse along the class. Regulation: There are certain ordinances for angling in these country First it is unfastened for angling the twelvemonth unit of ammunition and in winter it is covered with 20-30 pess of snow.The river is unfastened for angling in June. The policy of gimmick and release fish. Merely flies and enticements are used. Specials: This portion of river includes the species of fishes such as the trout, rainbow trout, cutthroat trout in some 10 inch scope So it is a delicious topographic point to bask with childs and household. To make fishing in Colorado the people between ages of 16 to 64 are required to hold a valid licence of angling so as to take portion in the sporting season.People below 16 are non allowed to given licence to take portion in the fish sporting.But people above 64 can take portion by publishing a life-time fishing licence to widen their fishing report.There are different types of licences in Colorado for their occupants and non occupants There are two types of fishing licences for the occupants of Colorado people.They can take one from them.The two types are resident Colorado one-year fishing licence and the other one is resident Colorado 1 twenty-four hours angling license.So people between the ages og 16 to 64 can take any one of the above and the people who purchase one program are given Colorado wildlife home ground cast which allows them to travel to any lands or wildlife countries. For the people above 64 Colorado gives particular offers such as a low income fishing licence.also Colorado offers different strategies for retired or active members of us army or people from infirmaries occupants from mental wellness institute Colorado besides offers a low-income fishing licence for anglers who are over the age of 64 and a handicapped fishing licence. Certain Colorado occupants besides qualify for free fishing licences. These are members of the U.S. Armed Forces who are either active or retired, resident patients of a Colorado U.S. Armed Forces Hospital or Convalescent Facility or a VA Hospital, occupants of a Colorado State Mental Health Institute or Mental Institution, any Colorado angler who receives Social Security Disability Benefits that can turn out their disablement with proper certification and any handicapped Colorado veterans with cogent evidence of a disablement with a missive from the VA. Colorado besides offeres license to people who are non occupants of Colorado.they offers different strategies for them such as they can choose non resident 1 twenty-four hours licence or a 5 twenty-four hours fishing licence and besides non resident one-year fishinf licence, Non-residents of Colorado have a determination to do every bit good. They can take from a Colorado Non-resident 1-Day Fishing License, a Colorado Non-resident 5-Day Fishing License and a Colorado Non-resident Annual Fishing License. These non-resident anglers can besides buy a Second Rod Stamp and must buy a Colorado Wildlife Habitat Stamp. Peoples nboth occupants and non occupants can bask angling lawfully by buying a valid fishing licence by taking oppurtunities and should transport their fishing license.the licence issued will valid from 1st January to dec 31st of each twelvemonth and can be brought online besides from the site wildlife.state.co.us or can besides be obtained from telephone 800-244-5613 with the recognition card or offices located at Colorado wildlife province. Paying the monetary value for the appropriate fishing licence is ever better than paying a all right if the angler gets caught.FISHING IN COLORADO There are many types of fishing you can make in Colorado They include freshwater fishing seawater angling fly fishing Fresh water Fishing The term Freshwater fishing means angling in Waterss that contains fresh H2O, with lower limit or no salt content. Freshwater fishing is one of the most various fishing in which there are assorted species of fishes and different ways to angle. Records says that About 40 per centum of all fish are of freshwater species. The most common types of fresh water species are Common fresh water species are bass, trout, salmon, , musky, crappie, catfish, and so many others. Freshwater fishing can be done in different ways such as from rivers and watercourses from span etcthe different types of techniques are to utilize gear enticements and come-ons and it depends on the type of fish you are looking for I Where to angle Pond and lake fishing. Stream and river fishing. What ‘s the difference? Water is H2O, and fish are fish, right? Yes. But from at that place, it gets a spot more involved. Each type of fresh water fishing presents its ain set of challenges, whether it ‘s still H2O ( lakes and pools ) or traveling H2O ( rivers and watercourses ) . Each environment has its ain ecosystem and construction. These fishing maulerss are going more popular with catch-and-release anglers. They are designed to ensue in less harm by hooking the fish in the lip or the corner of the jaw. This makes it easier to unhook and let go of the fish. With a circle hook, it ‘s of import to allow the fish take the come-on and turn away before puting the hook. Choose the right size hook to let room for the come-on and the fish lip. And do certain the hook is exposed and non buried in the come-on. Typical Fly Fishing Hook Shapes and Names Typical fly angling hook forms include Sproat, Sneck, Limerick, Kendal, Viking, Captain Hamilton, Barleet, Swimming Nymph, Bend Back Model Perfect, Keel and Kink-shank. There are two basic types of fly maulerss. Dry and moisture. Fly maulerss are besides named for insects they simulate ( nymph, swimming nymph, scub, pupa, dayfly ) or by traditional forms ( Sproat, Sneck, Limerick, Kendal, Viking, Captain Hamilton, Barleet, Bend Back, Model Perfect, Keel, Kink-shank. ) . Travel to the Fly Fishing subdivision for more information on fly fishing cogwheel. Ice Fishing Ice Fishing Ice fishing is a another alone manner of catching fishes the 3 pes rods are used for fishing and simple reels are used for line.Tou can frost fish besides with the aid of a tip up.using the tip cogwheel when the fish hits your tip cogwheel And thanks to promotions in garment design, portable fish houses and fish placement devices, it ‘s going more and more popular. One- You can besides frost fish with a tip-up. When a fish hits your tip-up cogwheel, it releases a lever that raises a flag or peal a bell. This means you should halt playing cards with your brothers and get down reeling. Ice Fishing Basicss: Puting Up Traditional Ice Fishing Tip Up Courtesy of ExpertVillage.com Many fisherman fish with no protective construction other than winter vesture. Longer angling expeditions can be mounted with simple constructions. Larger, heated constructions can do multiday angling trips possible, but these are frequently eschewed by seasoned fishers, many of whom do non utilize these larger shelters. In other words, they think they are wimpish. For those who are game for a cozier experience, a construction with assorted local names, but frequently called an ice hovel, ice hovel ( or merely â€Å" hovel † ) , fish house, British shilling house, or ice hut, is sometimes used. These are dragged or trailered onto the lake utilizing a vehicle such as a snowmobile, ATV or truck. The two most normally used houses are portable and lasting shelters. The portable houses are normally made of a heavy, watertight stuff. The lasting shelters are made of wood or metal and normally have wheels for easy transit. They can be every bit basic as a bunk, warmer and holes or every bit luxuriant as holding satellite Television, bathrooms, ranges, and life-size beds, and may look to be more like a nomadic place than a fishing house. To get down wing fishing you need a fly rod, a line and some unreal flies. The thought is to catch fish by acquiring them to seize with teeth on an imitation of a bug or baitfish on, or merely below, the H2O. Fliess are made utilizing yarn, wire, beads, plumes, narration and hair, and are created to look like insects and baitfish at assorted phases of adulthood to pull trout, salmon, panfish and carp, every bit good as marine species such as Tarpon atlanticus, bonefish and stripy bass. Most people think of fly fishing as a athletics best enjoyed in mountain watercourses with gimmicks of trout and salmon. Though these types of Waterss are great topographic points to wing fish, you can besides bask astonishing fly fishing in the warm Waterss of pools and lakes, and in salt H2O – and catch a wide array of fish. There ‘s likely a organic structure of H2O you can utilize for fly fishing non excessively far from where you live. Dry flies: float on the H2O ‘s surface and copy a broad scope of nutrients, including grownup dayflies, caddisflies, midges, grasshoppers, crickets and emmets. Sing a trout, bass or panfish take a dry fly drifting on the H2O ‘s surface is one of the greatest sights in fly fishing. Nymphs ( sometimes called â€Å" wet flies † ) : stand for the immature life phases of insects such as dayflies and caddisflies, and are fished below the H2O ‘s surface. Some particular nymphs, called emergers, imitate the emerging grownup insect and are fished merely below or in the H2O ‘s surface movie. Streamers: represent Phoxinus phoxinuss, bloodsuckers and other swimming nutrient points that provide repasts for bass, trout, panfish and saltwater fish such as Tarpon atlanticus, redfish, bonefish and stripy bass. Streamers are known for their ability to take the largest fish in watercourses, pools, lakes and seawater. Certain aquatic insects make up the major part of a fish diet. The four chief insect orders that emerge from our watercourses and lakes ( in order of importance ) are dayflies ( Ephemeroptera ) , caddisflies ( Trichoptera ) , midges ( Diptera ) and stone flies ( Plecoptera ) . To be an effectual hatch-matcher you must be able to rapidly distinguish between grownup dayflies, caddisflies, midges, stone flies and all the immature phases of each. Many hatches and most spinster falls do non last really long, so you do n't hold clip to seek four or five forms. Alternatively, you ‘ll necessitate to take the right fly at the right clip ; merely so will you be able to hook your portion of fish. It ‘s easier than you think. Just retrieve to fit the hatch. Conservation Saltwater fishing is every bit much about the escapade as it is about the fish. Many of the athletics fish species can be large and average, and the H2O can be large and bad. From shallow seawater flats to deep-ocean fishing, seawater anglers chase everything from delicacy speckled trout to massive bluish marlin in some of the most intense and inspirational milieus on Earth. Saltwater fishing can be every bit simple or every bit complex as you wish. Novices can get down fishing from the beach with basic tackle and a smattering of seawater rigs, while overachievers can pass eternal clip and energy on hi-tech cogwheel and high-octane fishing boats. Whether you live along the 10,000 stat mis of U.S. coastline or are sing the ocean for the weekend, there are plentifulness of chances to wet a line. And plentifulness of fish in the sea.

Emergency Services Management - Advanced Interactions of Hazardous Essay

Emergency Services Management - Advanced Interactions of Hazardous Materials - - Essay Example According to Spellman (2007), risk mitigation involves plans to curb hazards from occurring or to prevent them from developing into unmanageable disasters in case they occur. More importantly, it focuses on long-lasting solutions aimed at reducing or eliminating risks. Besides mitigation, there are standardized instructions for untrained first respondent on how to carry out an emergency operation. As one of the resourceful tool of information, Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) provides guidance to the HAZMAT personnel on how to manage accidents involving hazardous materials such as chlorine explosion during road or rail transport. Therefore, this discussion explores how reliable is the ERG in dealing with a hazardous substance release on an accident scene. However, other sources of information such as Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and submitted Tier II information can also be used. ERG provides explicit instructions on how to approach the scene of the incident. For instance, the response team should approach the scene from upstream and upwind since the wind blows away gases and fumes. Such kind of approach, therefore, enables them to move close enough before coming in direct contact with the released substance. On getting to the scene, they are required to make an assessment and look out for any signs of fire, leakage, or any person in danger. It will enable them to determine if there is a need for evacuation, as well as the resources needed for the entire operation. The response team would then secure the location and isolate it so as to restrict entry and reduce exposure to the hazards. Identifying the name and nature of the hazardous material is necessary so that you know what to expect and the protective measures to be taken. Shipping name of the material can be found in the shipping documents that are available in the cab of the vehicle or possession of a train crew member. Identification number of the substance can be

Economic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economic - Research Paper Example In this paper, we will look at the inflation of house prices in the United Kingdom and the variations in price from 2006 to 2012 as documented at http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/House_prices.html). According to the above mentioned website, inflation is the overall rise in price levels of goods in the economy over a period of time. The inflation of house prices has consequently reflected erosion in the money purchasing power. The website indicates that housing prices exhibit features such as rising price average in the long run, medium term volatility, dramatic price crashes and bubbles, and considerable price variations in different UK regions. The prices of houses has inflated from 2006 to 2012, for example, the house prices were as follows; 185.1K, 205.3K, 218K, 195K, 207.5K, 216.1K, 229.1K in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively. The house prices crushed in the earlier years and recently between 2007 and 2009. The website has also detailed some of the reasons for this inflation as high demands and low supply of houses (http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/House_prices.html) According to the website, the crushing prices can be solved through increasing the supply and regulating demands which are the major causes of the inflationary prices. In order to increase the supply, the following are adopted: subsidies to private house constructors, public house building, relax house regulations, and tax and grant concessions. Demand on the other hand may be regulated through; altering deposit requirements, altering interest rates, and encouraging variations in mortgage

What can be done to solve the problems caused by international tourism Essay

What can be done to solve the problems caused by international tourism - Essay Example 39). When it comes to resource usage, international tourism puts pressure on the available natural resources due to increased consumption. Water is one of the resources that is overused for swimming pools, hotels and golf courses among other uses. Secondly, resource usage creates pressure on the local resources such as food, energy and raw materials. Finally, international tourism may lead to land degradation, where the need for recreational and tourism facilities has put pressure on forests, minerals, wetlands and wildlife (Sunlu, 2003 p. 264). The second aspect is pollution, and the main forms of pollution include air pollution, solid waste discharge and sewage pollution. Just as there are varied impacts of international tourism on the environment, so are the solutions. Some of the key strategies that can be used are discussed. First, many have called for the development of Environmental Education, which aims at making the local populations aware and conscious of their environment (Skanavis & Sakellari, 2011 p. 241). Such programs target the tourists and teach them on how best to enjoy their holidays/vacations without causing significant damage to the environment. This appears to be the most effective way since it places the idea of environmental conservation in the hands of the locals and the tourists themselves who are the major stakeholders in this industry. Secondly, there is need for governments and local authorities to put measures in place that will promote responsible and sustainable forms of tourism (Borelli & Brogna, 2000 p. 8). Through this approach, the government can regulate the types of tourist activities that take place in the country . This will also control the materials/products brought into the country by the tourists which could harm the environment. Since this is a legislative approach, there is the likelihood that political interference might derail the formulation of necessary laws. If such legislation or

Managerial Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managerial Accounting - Assignment Example The company also was awarded with wine award and a gold medal in the wine competition at Sydney in 2011and with medal of gold at an Award function in New Zealand in 2010. With respect to 2010 the EBITDA of the company grew from $29.6 million to $57.1 million in 2011. This resulted in their earnings per share of the company rising from 0.20 cents to 32.6 cents. The rise in the net assets of the company by 10% over the year is a commendable achievement for the company under the ever changing market conditions. Planning Control and Decision making process Management accounting is related to the system of accounting information used by the managers within an organisation. The management accounting provides the managers with the basis of information essential in the decision making of the company so that the resources of the company can be better utilised and functions are in control. At present management accounting has a dual reporting relation in the corporation. The management account ants are the strategic partner responsible in providing decision related to the operational and financial information. Thus it is the responsibility of the managerial accountants in managing the business team along with submission of report in relation to the corporation’s finance. The management accountant portrays planning and forecasting, monitoring and reviewing cost inherent to the business and performance variance analysis of the company. However the three main areas of a management accountant that helps in the planning and decision making of managers are strategic management, performance management and risk management (Bamber, Braun & Harrison, 2009, pp.4-7). Delegat’s Group has adopted the strategy of identifying the â€Å"value growth markets† and â€Å"growth markets† which has proved to be a success in the favour of the company. The strategy thus adopted by the company has resulted in delivering improvement in the profitability of the company. The performance management of the company can well be depicted from the financial performance of the company. A stable growth rate of 10% of operating net profit after tax has been observed from 2007 to 2011 except in 2008 which are due to the global economic downturn. The major improvement in the performance of the company was due to biological assets contribution, net harvest provision and the derivative instruments of the company implemented to hedge the company’s interest rates and foreign currency exposures. Lastly the risk performance of the company is diverted by the use of the options and forward currency contracts. This helps in the economic hedging of the risks associated with the interest rate swaps and foreign currency fluctuations. Thus the management accounting helps in the detection of the variances of the company through which the managers of the company can plan out the strategies of the company; based on which further decisions are taken. Skills of a Managem ent Accountant Skills that are required for a management accountant to efficiently carry out the process of accounting are to have a sound knowledge of both managerial as well as the financial accounting. The management account should have an analytical skill along with the knowledge of how the business of the company is functioning. Good oral and written communication skill is a must for the

Regulations Influence on Agencys Productivity and Efficiency Coursework

Regulations Influence on Agencys Productivity and Efficiency - Coursework Example Literature ReviewLiterature Review Internal regulations are a set of official/ unofficial set of rules that an agency should follow in order to be in compliance that is suppose to help the agency achieve its goal in an efficient and productive manner. There is no previous literature review performed on the productivity and efficiency of the Office of Inspector General-Office of Investigations, therefore, for the purpose of this study, similar studies on different agencies within the field of law enforcement and studies whose method of the study was the pooled cross-sectional time series regression will be used for guidance.   The Office of Investigations within the Office of Inspector General are divided by Field Offices whose are divided by region and are entitled to a certain regional jurisdiction, then followed by a set of Sub-Offices who have to report to the Field Offices. A conjunction of Sanhog Moon, Alex Sekwat, Rodney Stanley and Richard Bennett studies, it will serve as a foundation for the methodology of this research. â€Å"The goal of this research design is to test for a shift or change in the trend of the dependent variable at the point of the policy intervention. The premise for the design is that the post-intervention values of the dependent variables are different from the pre-intervention series,† (Moon, Sekwat & Standley, 2004).  Richard Bennett â€Å"explores the macrostructure tenet of the approach upon a sample of 52 nations spanning a 25-year period (1960-1984).

World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

World War II - Essay Example The main story is a fiction but it revolves around the attack on Pearl Harbor and some of the incidents shown in the movie relate to what we have learned in the course. The aspect in the movie that impressed me the most in the movie is that how the attack was a big surprise to the Americans and how it lead to America’s official entry into the World War II. Also the re-creation of the war scenes was very impressive as some of the scenes were exactly as photographed on the unfortunate day on December 7, 1941. We have learnt in our courses that at the time of the attack, Japan was still in peace talks with America. And the attack was a complete surprise. This is very well depicted in the movie. The president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, emphasizes on the Nazi Germany as the main enemy and how America needs to support Winston Churchill (Britain) and Stalin (Russia) by sending men and weapons. Japan is not treated as a threat at all and Europe is seen as the main danger. Also it is depi cted in the movie how the American strategists believe that Pearl Harbor can not be attacked due to its geographical isolation. One scene that stands out with this context is when a soldier states that he did not even know that Japan was sore against the US.

Welfare Social Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Welfare Social Services - Essay Example This essay researchers one of the mot important thesis in the capitalistic countries, that is whether or not societies have a duty to help those out in need. The researcher takes a look into modern society's views on the topic and provides some examples, he also expresses his opinion on the topic. It is suggested that nowadays the welfare social services is one of the most interesting issue, and many equally exciting and interesting topics have once again been thrown into the forefront of the public’s eye. These topics are all worthy of debate, and one of them that has again come up is the topic of welfare, and the cause of public assistance. It seems that just as many people that are for it, there are lines of people against it to. However, the researcher express his feelings that public assistance is not only people's duty, but an obligation and that people should never even think of taking away such social programs for those people who really need it. In conclusion of this essay, the researcher firmly asserts that welfare is something we need. In a capitalistic society, it almost depends on people to be at the bottom and be on welfare. Beside that, it is our duty and obligation to do all we can to help those in need, and at the end of the day that is really all it comes down to. We need to keep welfare to help out people of poor circumstances, and we need to make sure it stays around to help those people who truly need it and not let those who abuse it ruin it for those who rely on it to get by.

Gender Stereotyping is Unfairness Essay Example for Free

Gender Stereotyping is Unfairness Essay The roles the society allocates to its members according to sex are the root course of how people relate to each other in the society. Those who don’t fit into predetermined gender roles face social sanctions. This paper reveals that the gender stereotyping in the society are unfair and amount to the abuse of the rights of those who don’t conform to the norms. The essay takes into consideration the origins of the social standards and experiences of life which are used on women. Devor’s essay reveals how gender stereotypes give rise to female to male transsexuals. This paper shall also analyze Alice Munro’s book, Boys and Girls that provides a literary example that complements Denvor’s scientific explanation. The paper will also be complemented by various views by feminists. Devor states that since time immemorial women were taken as less important than men. Women were not much recorded in writings on the society as men were. A close look at the writings of ancient religions e.g. Greek, Judaism, and the dark ages reveals this.   Cultures in the past have had individuals with mixed gender, who are based on polytheistic beliefs. In America this was identified in the 16th century. This was not written about as most of the writings focused on men thought to have female traits for social ridicule. In the twentieth century women became empowered and became workers due to the industrial age. In this time women who dressed like men were branded the title lesbians. This name later was used to refer to transgender women in the culture. Efforts to discover the trait of transgender individuals have been undertaken in the recent past however this phenomenon has been present in societies always. This phenomenon for long has been suppressed. Modern science has discovered the biological differences as well as psychological and social influences between men and women, and now the study of transsexuals can be studied and medication given. Devor argues that the context of culture is very important in understanding sex and gender. He states that the structure of the society determines the lives of individuals. Gender is a result of cultural influence on the members of the society. The relations in the society that enhance gender are rules of relations in the society. He observes that the society is responsible for its transgender individuals. They represent the mean of what the society has forced in the diverse human life (Dover 37). His argument is that the home is the place where the female to male transsexuals are bred. Most of the theories on transgender individuals put the responsibility of the situation on parents. For instance fathers are seen to impart the message that women are lesser to their daughters. Also mothers who appear victimized and dependent on the husband make their daughters attracted to be like men. This leads to a personality split, which is not illness, as some people believe. In the developmental years at the stage of early development those children with male to female traits do not identify with female relations in their childhood years.   The children in this stage identify themselves with masculine figures and preferred male company. In the final analysis there seems, on the part of these girls a desire to escape the problems of their gender. Transsexuals, therefore, are the result of intense socialization.   The process starts at early childhood and continues to build up in adolescence and even in adult life. She argues that people should be left to live and fully express the gender roles they choose. Most transsexuals don’t undergo the surgery to change their genitalia so they face continuing limitations in society. In spite of this they are able to achieve their goals in life.   As stated in the introduction, Alice Munro’s book, Boys and Girls supports Devor’s idea of sex and gender. The story of the girl narrator sheds light on Devor’s argument about gender stereotyping in the society. In the book Munro depicts challenges and successes in the process of passage from childhood to adulthood. Her narrators are a girl and a boy, who are siblings. She tackles the theme of sex role stereotype which is full of unfairness. The protagonist undergoes exacting and extreme initialization into adulthood like her younger brother. The author suggests that stereotyping of gender and loss of innocence are initiation into adulthood, and are extremely influential to individual children. Munro through the choice of a female protagonist who is without a name and therefore undignified lays he ground for showcasing the stereotype. The younger brother of the protagonist is named laid for lord, and by virtue of the name he is to become a dignified master of others. The grandmother of the children comes calling and gives the narrator advice on the rules of conduct for a girl. For instance girls keep their legs together when they are seated. The narrator faces a disliking of the roles that she is being couched to take; those of her mother. She rather likes her father’s roles.

Stable President Essay Example for Free

Stable President Essay 1. Do presidents have so much power that they can almost guarantee reelection to more than two terms? Instead of starting a second term knowing he could not serve again, the president would be able to keep congress and the public guessing, thereby retain their influence until the last minute. There was a great belief early on of steadiness for America, and to achieve that there must be a stable president, so it was more likely back then to be reelected opposed to getting change. Presidents were arguably more effective if their opponents assumed they would be running for another term. 2. Does the two-term limit weaken the president’s ability to influence the course of the nation in the second term? Washington’s two term presidency was applauded, but the founders did not encourage a term limit. They argued that such a limit would have weakened the public’s voice in keeping the president honest. Presidents are then again, more effective if their allies and opponents assume they may be running for another term. Otherwise, they will lose their influence. 3. What checks and balances ensure that presidents can be held accountable even if they are lame ducks? The office carries such great power that lame duck status may keep presidents from abusing their power even as lame ducks, they retain significant influence on Capitol Hill in their fifth and sixth years. The founders believed that elections serve to discipline the president for his actions, while the four-year term provides enough time to achieve policy results. They believed that steadiness in administration would help the country survive its early years, while giving the president a reason to create policies that would help the nation long into the future. PAGE 353 4. In one or two paragraphs explain the president’s responsibility in each of the three roles discussed in the chapter Presidents work as Morale Builders by projecting a sense of national unity and authority. Through their everyday actions, they are bale to arouse despair, hope, honor or dishonor. Building more morale simply means unlocking a sense of public good for the nation. For example, the weeks following September 11th Bush needed to boost the morale of America to instill the hope among all the pain. Presidents work as Agenda Setters by for proposing initiatives in foreign policy and economic growth. They seek out new campaigns to later be defined by office staff. They make new economic policy to keep unemployment low, social policy to support legislation, and national security to uphold strong presidential authority in the area. Presidents work as Persuaders through using skillful campaigning to win over the hearts of Americans. They have reduced the number of press conferences over the past five decades, and instead public press conferences have gained leverage. PAGE 354 12. List the three main causes of conflict between the president and Congress Presidential Mandates is a cause of conflict because the winner-take-all system tends to make the president’s popular vote look larger than it really is. Mandates also determine public approval for whether or not the President is just in opinion on specific policies. Public Approval causes conflict due to the depending on public approval and how it usually falls over a given time. Presidents benefit instead from rally points, spikes in public approval following a domestic crisis. This could boost a President’s followers over a very short amount of time due to the events happening in the present. Reputation often causes conflict by the fact that the longer presidents stay in office, the better they get at being president. They can learn how to persuade people by giving them what they want to hear, how to show the right image to the people, and how to operate. Presidents also gain knowledge of how to shield the bad.

Effective Operations Management At Ryanair

Effective Operations Management At Ryanair To be successful in an increasingly competitive environment, organisations must be more adaptive and innovative than ever before in providing a superior quality service. This paper will consider the role of operations management with the organisation and ways in which successful operations management can contribute to meeting organisational objectives. It is essential the organisations address issues of quality and resource utilisation to reduce costs and provide superior customer service with the intention of increasing sales and creating a competitive advantage. This paper will discuss how organisations can create a quality culture through TQM, and diagnose problems and areas for improvement using quality tools such as Lean and Six Sigma. The final section of this paper will discuss how organisations can plan for the successful implementation of TQM, highlighting the need for a quality management team, adequate management and resource availability, and consultation and communication with its workforce. Task 1: The strategic objectives of operational management The role played by effective operations management at Ryanair This section will discuss the role played by effective operations management at Ryanair; Europes largest low cost airline. Effective operations management is the systematic direction and control of five functions (management, procurement, transformation, customer services and distribution) that transform input resources into finished goods or services offering superior customer satisfaction (Slack, 1999). Within this transformation process (Figure 1), the role of effective operations management is to improve resource utilisation, thus reducing costs, whilst also providing improved quality and customer service which increases revenue (Slack and Lewis, 2002). Figure 1: Transformation process Operations management at Ryanair aims to optimise resource utilisation through the careful management of employees, technology, raw materials and money in order to increase productivity. For example, flight staff at Ryanair are trained to improve their productivity and keep aircraft turnaround times to a minimum (Slack et al, 2007). This increase in productivity allows Ryanair aircrafts to make more flights each day, significantly increasing turnover. In addition to this, another role of operations management at Ryanair is to ensure superior customer satisfaction. This is achieved through improving the flexibility, quality and consistency of its service and continually driving down costs. For example, through providing a no-frills basic service on-board its aircrafts, Ryanair can ensure superior satisfaction through driving down costs (Slack et al, 2007). The role played by effective operations management at Ryanair is to maximise resource utilisation and ensure superior customer service. Although operations management at Ryanair is extremely successful at these two roles, it could be recommended that they continue to ensure effective operation management through maintaining a precise understanding of customer requirements and monitoring environmental change that may affect these requirements. Ryanairs strategic objectives Ryanairs strategic objectives set out its mission and aims as well as defining how it is going to compete within its market (Slack and Lewis, 2002). Ryanairs strategic objectives will be categorised in terms of its goal (market leadership), target customers and offer (distinctive positioning), operating system (to sustain its low cost position), values and distinctive competence. Ryanairs fundamental goal is to establish itself as Europes leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares service (Ryanair, 2009). Gaining and maintaining market leadership is advantageous in allowing Ryanair to increase its publicity due to leadership status, increase its economies of scale and further reduce costs. Another main strategic objective of Ryanair is to clearly identify its target market segments in order to position its strategy to satisfy particular customer requirements. Ryanair identifies its target customers as fare-conscious leisure and business travellers (Ryanair, 2009). In addition this, Ryanairs strategy is to create a superior offer tailed to its target customer requirements. Ryanair aims to offer low fares that generate increased passenger traffic while maintaining a continuous focus on cost-containment and operating efficiencies (Ryanair, 2009). Ryanairs strategy is also to clearly define its company values of low price, value for money and efficiency and to further utilise its distinctive competence of being creative at driving down cost. This distinctive competence is effective because it can be transferrable to other services; it provides a benefit to the customer and is unique to Ryanair. In summary, Ryanairs strategic objectives are to become Europes largest airline operator through offering low-cost, reliable service to both business and leisure users. Ryanair aims to achieve this through clear company values of low price, value for money and efficiency and its distinctive competence of being creative at driving down costs. In order to fulfil these strategic objectives, Ryanair must ensure that its operational objectives are focussed on ensuring superior customer satisfaction and effective resource utilisation. The success of Ryanairs operations objectives in meeting strategic objectives This part of the assignment shows how Ryanairs operations objectives contribute effectively to achieving its strategic objectives. Operations objectives are decisions which shape the capabilities of an operation and their long-term contribution to strategic objectives, through the reconciliation of market requirements with resource utilisation (Slack and Lewis, 2002). The success of Ryanairs operations objectives in meeting strategic objectives is achieved through its focus on ensuring superior customer satisfaction and through rigorous redesigning of systems and processes to enhance resource utilisation. Superior customer service is achieved by Ryanairs operations management through obtaining a clear understanding of the characteristics and requirements of their target customers. Ryanair understands the importance of a low-cost, reliable and safe airline service to its customers. Ryanair sells tickets directly to customers through its internet site keeping prices low and providing customers with the flexibility to buy tickets whenever and wherever they choose (Ryanair, 2010). In addition to this, Ryanair also keeps aircraft turnaround times to a minimum allowing more flights to take off per day and increasing the availability of flights to customers (Slack et al, 2007). Operations management at Ryanair also aims to improve resource utilisation and to continuously drive down cost. Ryanair, for example, uses standardised aircrafts and parts to allow for large orders from a single aircraft supplier increasing their economies of scale. In addition to this, Ryanair schedules flights to smaller secondary airports allowing money to be saved in airport fees (Slack et al, 2007). These twin operational objectives are so well balanced that they enable Ryanair to successfully achieve its strategic objectives. Through ensuring superior customer satisfaction, Ryanair is able to maintain a clear definition of its offer and also fulfil its goal to become Europes largest budget airline through increasing its customer demand. In addition to this, continuous improvement to resource utilisation allows Ryanair to gain and maintain competitive advantage through its distinctive competence of being creative at driving down costs and values of providing a low price and efficient service. Ryanairs operations objectives are extremely successful in meeting strategic objectives through its clear focus on ensuring superior customer satisfaction and rigorous redesigning of systems and processes. It could be recommended that Ryanair further builds upon this success through the implementation of a Total Quality Management (TQM) system aimed at integrating practical quality control techniques with organisational cultures conductive to the continuous improvement of quality (RDI, 2008). TQM systems at Ryanair will be further discussed in the next section. Task 2: Appropriate Systems 2.1 Systems to ensure the quality of products This section will discuss the use of two fundamental quality systems, Six Sigma and Lean. These two processes implement different methodology to achieve a similar goal: an offer of superior quality through the careful consideration of customer requirements and removal of defects and waste. Six Sigma Six Sigma is a data-driven discipline aimed to improve the quality of operational processes by listening to customer requirements and identifying and removing the causes of defects and variability (General Electric Company, 2009). Organisations that implement Six Sigma correctly achieve significant benefits that contribute to competitive advantage and to changing the culture in an organisation from reactive problem solving to proactive problem prevention (Six Sigma Group, 2010). An organisation such as Ryanair could use Six Sigma to ensure quality through the implementation of the Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control method throughout the organisation. Customer requirements must be defined and measures should be made against core business processes to determine possible shortfalls. Potential gaps between current performance and goals must be analysed, and then innovative solutions using technology and discipline can be implemented and controlled (iSixSigma, 2010). Lean Lean is a production practice aimed at maximising customer value while minimising waste (Lean Enterprise Institute, 2009). Ryanair could incorporate Lean to help optimise the flow of the transformation system to ensure superior customer value and minimise waste. This could be achieved through determining customer requirements and eliminating stages of the transformation system that do not contribute towards meeting these requirements. This process should be repeated until perfect value is created with no waste (Lean Enterprise Institute, 2009). Unlike Six sigma which focuses on individual systems, Lean is effective at ensuring quality through addressing the transformation system as a whole. This also allows simpler information management and allows for faster responses to changing customer requirements. 2.2 The use of TQM and ISO 9000 to monitor quality to a satisfactory level Total Quality Management (TQM) and ISO 9000 have a mutual focus on ensuring quality through the promotion of customer satisfaction and process improvement. Whereas ISO 9000 is a tool used to regulate quality, TQM can be understood as the overarching philosophy within which ISO 90000 should be implemented. TQM TQM is a management philosophy that aims to empower all organisational functions with the responsibility of ensuring quality (ISO, 2010). This is achieved through developing and reworking systems to optimise resource utilisation, prevent errors and ultimately achieve superior customer satisfaction (Chartered Quality Institute, 2010). TQM aims to deliver quality and value above and beyond customer expectations through several key principles. Firstly, employees throughout the TQM organisation must be united within a customer-focussed culture to share ideas and facilitate innovation (Oakland, 2003 p3 ff). There must also be continuous improvements of systems and processes to increase resource utilisation and prevent errors before they occur. Finally, information must be shared throughout all levels of the organisation to ensure that the quality culture is embedded and maintained (Oakland, 2003 p3 ff). ISO 9000 ISO 9000 is a tool which can be used within a TQM culture to regulate and ensure quality. It is a systematic approach to managing the organisations processes so that they consistently turn out products that meet and exceed customer expectations (ISO, 2010). ISO 9000 is able to ensure quality to a satisfactory level through the implementation of quality management guidelines. Firstly, the organisation must ensure that a clear customer focus is established and processes are assessed as to how successful they are contributing to the customer focus. All outputs are monitored for defects, and new systems are implemented to prevent future defects. Continuous improvements are made to the quality system to ensure continued development (ISO, 2010). TQM and ISO 9000 are essential systems to ensure quality. Organisations must be aware, however, that in order to maintain a level of superior quality, TQM and ISO 9000 must not be treated as add-on functions with little attention given to the required changes in organisation and culture. 2.3 Quality Culture in the United Kingdom and Bulgaria This element of the paper sets out to define the term quality culture and then compares the view of quality between the United Kingdom and Bulgaria. Quality culture is an organisational value system that results in an environment that is conducive to the establishment and continual improvement of quality (Noronha, 1999). An organisation that develops and maintains a quality culture will differ significantly from an organisation with a traditional culture. Its attitude towards customers, problem-solving approach, supplier relationships and performance improvement approach will be geared towards creating superior customer value and increased resource utilisation as means of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. For the successful introduction and implementation of a quality culture such as TQM, a quality culture must be developed to increase the success and likeliness of the systems acceptance throughout the organisation. This can be achieved through maintaining an awareness of quality as a key cultural issue, empowering employees and encouraging self-development, and rewarding behaviours that nurture and maintain a quality culture (Noronha, 1999). The view of quality in the UK and Bulgaria The view of quality in the UK has been shaped considerably by the values and principles brought about by quality management systems such as TQM, ISO 9000 and Lean etc. There is a great emphasis on achieving quality through the refinement of systems and processes tailored to deliver superior customer satisfaction and efficient resource utilisation (Noronha, 1999). Becoming part of the economic union in 2007, Bulgaria has had little exposure to quality management systems and quality culture that have been adopted by many organisations across Europe. The view of quality in organisations in Bulgaria was based purely on traditional values rather than hygiene, inspection of product, systems and TQM. Although there are clear differences in the view of quality internationally, there are also considerable differences between the views of quality nationally. The key issue, however, is the degree to which an organisation is able to understand and address quality issues. By way of conclusion a further point of interest prompted by this question is that while comparing quality culture between countries it is apparent that the same issue can be levelled at individual companies. Slack references the differences between companies in individual countries by distinguishing between pioneer, adaptive and follower categories of business and different approaches to quality culture Task 3: Organisational Performance Problems and opportunities for quality improvement In order to establish a need for quality improvement, BTB should conduct an appraisal of internal and external factors to gain an understanding of potential shortfalls in the quality of products and services, and resource utilisation. For an external review, an appraisal of the stakeholder market can be undertaken providing valuable information about customer requirements and stakeholder perceptions of the current quality of the operation. This type of appraisal can be undertaken through market sensing customer needs and requirements, and conducting surveys to obtain customer feedback on service and product quality. In addition to this, benchmarking can be undertaken to compare the performance of the company with that of its competitors within its own and other markets. BTB can also undertake an internal review to reveal information about potential gap between where the company is performing now and where they want to be in the future. This gap analysis can be undertaken to identify the adequacy of the systems currently in place to engage with customers and the channels in place to facilitate communication and information sharing. Organisational performance improvement programme Executive Summary This report will show how, through the introduction of TQM, improvements will be made to significantly raise productivity and reduce waste. As a consequence of these improvements sales throughput will have the potential to dramatically increase, significantly enhancing the organisations ability to gain and maintain competitive advantage. Introduction BTB Brew Technology (BTB) is an international manufacturing business specialising in buying, refurbishing, and selling industrial processing equipment and factories. BTBs strategy is to increase sales throughput by 10% through making dramatic improvements to customer service and resource utilisation. BTB has been advised to implement TQM as a means of achieving this goal. The importance of TQM Many organisations have found that the key to competitive success lies in maximising product and service quality (Kano, 1993). TQM is an effective means of allowing BTB to improve customer service through improving quality and resource utilisation. It is a structured system that will encompass all levels of an organisation to provide products and services that consistently meet and exceed customer expectations (Noronha, 1999). The importance of an implementation plan The implementation process of TQM will require a substantial change in BTBs organisation and management philosophy. Simply understanding TQM is not enough to create a management system required to sustain a TQM culture. It is essential that BTB develops a strategic TQM implementation plan that is developed, directed, and supported by management, and implemented throughout all levels of organisation. Strategic approach to project management Edwards and Hodgson (2004) state that TQM implementation is most successful when the four stages of (a) providing a vision (b) management action, (c) increasing employee participation and awareness, and (d) business alignment, are undertaken. This suggests that a successful implementation strategy must begin with creating vision towards quality which is communicated throughout the organisation. Management must show their commitment to the vision and motivate and empower employees to make quality their priority. Business systems and processed must then be modified to achieve customer satisfaction and recourse utilisation. Recommendations As a means of ensuring a successful and smooth implementation it is recommended that BTB formulates a project management team who will be responsible for developing and carrying through the strategic implementation plan. Strategic Implementation Plan Figure 1: Stages of TQM implementation The implementation plan consists of three stages: developing a case for change, piloting TQM, and implementation. Developing a strategy for change In this stage, BTB should aim to gain a thorough understanding of what should be expected from the introduction of TQM and the implications of introducing it. Upper management at BTB will need to develop a clear belief of the benefits of TQM to generate the momentum to start and maintain the implementation. This could be achieved through conducting benchmarking visits to superior performing organisations and studying TQM literature. After establishing a belief and need for TQM, the organisation must unite with a commitment to customer satisfaction; communicating the vision and bringing together employees within a quality culture. To communicate and lead this vision, BTB will need to bring together a quality management team who will be the driving force behind the implementation process. The quality management team will firstly need to communicate the quality vision and ensure that all employees understand and are committed to the organisations direction. This could be achieved through establishing a company quality policy, incorporating a statement of vision, goals and principles which is communicated to all employees. The quality management team must also start to build trust amongst employees, providing reassurance about jobs and roles, and communicating the benefit of TQM. Employees must also be motivated with a new sense of direction, receiving encouragement and rewards when commitment to the new culture is displayed. Preparation for the piloting stage must also be conducted, ensuring that there is appropriate resource allocation and support for TQM. Guidance must also be given by the quality management team to help clarify the role of each level of management, and establish systems and activities for interdepartmental problem solving. Finally, the quality management team must begin to identify and develop an appropriate action plan for TQM implementation; producing a Gantt chart which clearly illustrates the work breakdown structure of the project. They must, take into consideration the deadline for implementation, time to deliver and install new equipment and systems, length of training programmes, and potential obstacles which may be faced such as shortage of capital, and delays from suppliers. It is important that buffer periods are also factored into the time plan which will help to compensate for unexpected problems. Piloting TQM The piloting stage will provide BTB with a learning base from which management can begin to analyse the breadth of TQM requirements including, time, resources, and management focus. The number and sequence of team activities undertaken at the piloting stage should reflect the nature and strategy of the action plan devised by the quality management team. BTB should begin by testing its original production systems to assess efficiency and ability to ensure quality. Quality tools such as ISO 9000 and Lean production can be used to provide guidelines on system performance and address ways of increasing efficiency. BTB should make adjustments to all systems assessed as falling below standard. This can be achieved through buying new and more efficient production equipment, and though re-designing the transformation system to facilitate superior quality. Training initiatives must be implemented to all levels of the organisation. Line managers must be trained to become facilitators of continuous improvement, coaching new methods, and leading empowered employees. Employees should be trained to understand the importance of the customer and learn ways in which quality can be managed within their roles. Employees must also be trained to improve their communication skills to help facilitate information sharing throughout the organisation. It is also recommended that rewards and recognition are given to employees to reinforce commitment and adaption to new roles. For example, BTB may increase feedback given to employees by line managers and executives to reward commitment to quality and efficiency. In addition to this BTB may consider paying bonuses to reward positive appraisal feedback. Information and lessons learned from the pilot project must be used by management and the quality management team to make changes and revisions the original action plan, developing it into a structured and comprehensive multi-year implementation plan. It is at this point that BTB can make the commitment to implement TQM. Implementation In this stage, BTB should be concerned with securing the increased participation, shared responsibility, knowledge, skills and capabilities developed from the previous two stages. Training initiatives must be continued to improve communication channels throughout the organisation. For example, new IT systems could be installed to provide a new company instant messaging system allowing information to be sent instantaneously between departments. Employees should be trained on how to use these new systems and the importance of information sharing as a means of achieving a common goal. In addition to this, employees must continue to be kept regularly informed of business performance and development. Face-to-face meetings should be frequently scheduled with line managers, informing employees on factors such as individual and team successes to maintain motivation and commitment. It is recommended that BTB also forms strategic partnerships with suppliers and customers who have developed quality cultures and place value on efficiency and superior customer satisfaction. Strategic partnership will be beneficial to BTB in allowing them to form mutual relationships with other companies they are likely to work with, making sure that orders arrive on time, to right quality and the right price. BTB should now be in a position to exploit its internal improvement capability and use it to effectively re-focus its efforts on improving processes to deliver superior customer satisfaction. It should, for example, now focus on re-organisation to customer and market-driven process management. Conclusion The success of TQM implementation is a function of many variables (both controllable and uncontrollable), which are unique to the particular company situation. Effective project management determines the success or failure of the implementation project. BTB should aim to tailor its approach to exploit its unique strengths and focus on its particular weaknesses. It would be beneficial for BTB to look into more tactical approaches to TQM implementation; however this is beyond the scope of this assignment. Recommendations It is recommended that BTB focuses on a small defined set of improvement priorities that align with its business goals and objectives, and that should therefore be realistically achievable. These include the employment of an effective quality steering group who are effectively managed and resourced, and the set-up of a piloting project to help benchmark and appraise performance. The culmination and fulfilment of these objectives should then result in a structured TQM implementation plan customised to the specific needs of BTB. Assignment Conclusion To be successful in an increasingly competitive environment, organisations must be more adaptive and innovative than ever before in providing a superior quality service. It is essential the organisations address issues of quality and resource utilisation to reduce costs and provide superior customer service with the intention of increasing sales and creating a competitive advantage. Organisations must look towards transforming their culture into a quality culture through TQM, whilst implementing quality tools such as Lean and Six Sigma to diagnose areas of improvement. For organisations to remain competitive, they must continue to invest time and resources in the development of their transformation systems.

Zora Neale Hurston Essay -- Zora Neale Hurston

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the history of our great nation, we have been blessed with many great writers those black and white. Some of these writers have left profoundly inspirational impressions on our lives, touching us in a way that will never be forgotten. During the â€Å" â€Å"Roaring 20’s,† many new aspects of life were introduced to American society, forever changing our lives. Along with the â€Å"Roaring 20’s,† came the Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement during which black art, literature, and music received much deserved credit. It originated in New York City's Harlem district and was also called the Black Renaissance, or New Negro Movement. It was quite common in African-American society for people to exchange tales and folklores that stemmed as far back as their ancestor’s days in Africa. One of the most accomplished writers of this time was a beautiful, young and extremely intelligent woman. This young woman took this comm on practice and used them in her novels and tales. It was this simple yet intriguing idea for writing stories that helped launch Zora into the forefront of the Harlem Renaissance. Regardless, of her trying and discouraging lifestyle as a child, Zora chose to press onward and upward throughout her life. Zora had more than her fair share of hardships from her early childhood up until her last days on this earth. Though tough times were all too frequent, Zora continuously worked tirelessly towards her destiny. In her lifetime she was acknowledged as a leading force for the Harlem Renaissance, forever revolutionizing America’s views of African-American’s as well as the great intelligence and creative capability of women. Through her short stories, poems, and novels Zora was able to reach many people nation wide and therefore further express her views and beliefs to those black and white.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On January 7, 1891 in Notasulga, Alabama Lucy Ann Potts Hurston gave birth to the sixth of her eight children. This child was given the name Zora or â€Å"light of dawn,† little did her parents know, she would certainly live up to her meaningful name. Lucy Ann Potts Hurston was an elementary school teacher until she later married John Hurston, a mulatto pastor of Zion Hope Baptist Church and the Macedonia Baptist church, farmer, carpenter and later Mayor of Eatonville of 1897 serving three terms. When she was th... ... using blacks as a means of buying votes. In 1954 she criticized the desegregation ruling in Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Ks. In this article she stated that she believed that black children and white children should not attend the same schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Zora went on writing many publications that separated her from blacks; she was marked as a traitor. For this reason she spent her last days alone and in poverty working as a domestic until falling ill and dying of a stroke in 1960. However controversial, Zora will be remembered for her great contributions to the Harlem Renaissance and fine literary works. She has been a very influential and a true inspirational figure to many writers of today. One that comes to mind is a local playwright by the name of Mari Evans, who recently did a rendition of Hurston’s novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, titled â€Å"Eyes† Zora had a different outlook on life than most African Americans of her time but has remained the cornerstone of the Harlem Renaissance making black culture known and felt by all. That is why Zora will remain an outstanding and successful pillar in the literary world for many years to come.

Third Cinema in China: Yellow Earth Essay -- China Cinema Movies Yello

Third Cinema in China: Yellow Earth What is identified as 'excess' in Western cinematic experience is, therefore, precisely where we locate Third World cinema. -Teshome Gabriel The possibility of a Third Cinema in China is encouraged with Chen Kaige's 1984 film Yellow Earth. Drawing upon Teshome Gabriel's framework, a working definition of Third Cinema is possible in the case of Chinese cinema. The "fifth generation" of China's film-makers is credited in making films such as Yellow Earth, Farewell my Concubine, and The Blue Kite, as well as Raise the Red Lantern and Red Sorghum. While not all films made by the fifth generation are necessarily of a Third Cinema, many of them offer critique, drawing upon tactics to raise social or political consciousness. Yellow Earth 's characterization as Third Cinema lies in its aesthetic qualities, incorporation of folk art characteristics, and challenge of Western film language. Chinese Painting as Third Cinema Aesthetic Use of space is distinctive in Chinese painting, for not only is what space is occupied by an object, but more importantly the surrounding space. What, to the Western eye, may appear to be 'wasted' or 'empty' space, is as much a part of the entire picture than may appear to be the object of interest. Yellow Earth invokes characteristics of Chinese painting in the cinematographic style of Zhang Yimou. The use of Chinese painting' characteristics contributes to Yellow Earth as representative of Third Cinema in China. The use of space challenges Western convention, creating a new film grammar to code political agendas. In "Yellow Earth: Western Analysis and a Non-Western Text", Ester C.M. Yau notes that: Classical Chinese painting's representation of nature i... ...n Chinese, the folk culture seems dated and irrelevant. Third Cinema, however, realizes the need to draw upon folk tradition. Third Cinema is not limited to those cinemas of Latin America or Africa. It is located where challenges to Western cinematic domination and rules are played out. In China, the years following the downfall of the 10 year reign of the Cultural Revolution produced a climate ripe for a politicized revolutionary cinema. Yet, the cinema in China remains bound to censorship and banning of films. The overtly politically challenging film The Blue Kite, set in the decade leading up to the Cultural Revolution, was banned and denounced by Chinese authorities. What has emerged then is the need to create a new language for the cinema to speak with. The language of Yellow Earth draws upon Chinese art to create a new aesthetic, a Third Cinema aesthetic.